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“Skopje reveals a difference between the Slav and the Turk, the European and the Asiatic, at every turn of the street”

The train left from Bitola at 12.40 for Skopje.  We decided to use the train instead of a bus as we thought it would be more comfortable, despite taking double the time and it cost half the price at 210 MKD (about 3 GBP).  Unfortunately the train wasn’t quite as comfortable as we expected as it was an ancient carriage and we ended up with a family of seven squeezing into the compartment with us - meaning that there were nine people in a space that should have fitted six.  The train was on time but when we arrived in Skopje we were too tired to do anything so went to a pizza restaurant.

Alexander the Great statue
The next day we decided to try and see everything.  The city definitely doesn’t have anything like the natural beauty of Ohrid or the culture of Bitola, but as the capital is an unavoidable place to visit.  We started late, having lunch at …McDonalds… and briefly looked around the south bank of the river Vardar which contains mainly by office buildings and shops.  It also has the main square, Plostad Makedonija, with an enormous statue of Alexander the Great in the centre. The statue is the only thing that seems to be finished in an area of about a square mile of building work.  They are obviously renovating the entire city centre which means that you can see that it will be impressive in a few years time, but at the moment it is just dusty and messy.  Having decided that the south bank wasn’t doing much for us, we moved to the north bank across the pretty Ottoman bridge.  The north bank is far more impressive as it is based around the Carsija where Skopje’s Ottoman past is based.

The Kale Fortress, Skopje
Where the south bank is very concrete based, the north bank is made up of small Ottoman style buildings which are used as shops and cafes.  On the hill above the city is the Kale, the Ottoman fortress which looks a lot like the one at Ohrid.  We wandered through the Carsija to see the Mustafa Pasa mosque which we couldn’t go inside as afternoon prayers had just started.  The plan was then to go inside the Kale fortress but when we climbed up to the top we found that it seemed to be closed.  Later, when we spoke to the owner of the hostel about the closure, we were told that it had been shut to the public for the last 2 months.  The reason, he said, was that there is currently a conflict between the Albanian and Macedonian population of the city over a church.  It was difficult to gather the details, but it seemed that  an argument had begun over whether a church should be built in the fortress compound or whether it should be classified as a museum.  The argument had escalated into full blown fights, where local Albanians and Macedonians would speak to each other on facebook and arrange to meet each other and beat each other up in the castle grounds.  The police decided it was best to shut it all down.  This was a bit of a shame, because the view over the city and surrounding mountains would have been really good.

Sveti Spas church and Gorce Delcev’s tomb
Walking back down from the castle we visited the Sveti Spas church.  This was built during Ottoman rule where the law stated that churches could never be taller than mosques.  As a result, the church was sunk into the ground so doesn’t look particularly impressive from the outside but contains an enormous carved wooden iconostasis.  It is now a museum and the entrance fee of 120 MKD also entitled us to visit a museum about Gorce Delcev, a Macedonian leader of the VMRO and national leader killed by Turks in 1903.  His tomb lies in the church’s courtyard. According to Lonely Planet this was the last major sight in the city, but on our way back on the south bank we came across a new attraction which is perhaps the most important that the city has to offer.  Though few people know it, Mother Theresa is an ethnic Albanian who was born in Skopje.  The house where she was born is long gone, but a museum and church has been built on the site of a previous church where she was baptised.  The museum is really well done and contains a few of Mother Theresa’s more recognizable possessions - her blue and white sari and her rosary beads.  A church has been built on the top level of the three storey building.  The city is full of beggar children who work in small groups and as we left the Mother Theresa memorial building a group approached us, only for them to be shooed away by the building’s security guards - which didn’t seem quite in the spirit of the place.

Mother Theresa memorial building, Skopje

The Ottoman Bridge, Skopje
That night we went out for dinner on the north bank at a traditional kebab house where a filling meal costs less than a fiver.  On our way to the restaurant we passed an enormous festival where we were able to see the legendary Spinning Dervishes - while they tend to be thought of as Turkish, the dervishes can be found all over the former Ottoman Empire and having missed them in Turkey it was fantastic to be able to see them.  The two banks of the river provided quite a contrast - on the south bank were noisy bars and clubs, dominated by young Macedonians, while the north bank was filled with Albanian families at the festival.  The next day we decided to have a day off sight seeing and went shopping in downtown Skopje, before catching the overnight bus to Tirana in Albania at 7pm.


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“Bitola should have a future as a tourist centre, for when the acacias are out it is a fantastically lovely city”

St  Sofia Church, Ohrid
There was still one more sight that we wanted to see at Ohrid before we departed, the church of St Sofia in the town centre.  This is the largest church in Ohrid and is based on its namesake in Istanbul (though quite how I don’t understand).  It spent 500 years as a mosque when Macedonia was part of the Ottoman Empire and unfortunately its charms were lost on us when an army of shutterbugs arrived. We got a taxi to the bus station (cosing about 80p for a 10 minute journey) and then took the bus on the hour and a quarter journey to Bitola.  The journey passed through terrain straight out of the Italian job and the abandoned smashed up buses by the roadside, surrounded by crosses and flowers didn’t help me to put the film’s final scene out of my mind (nor did the fact that halfway through the journey we stopped at a chapel where everybody filled up their bottles with holy water).  With the odds seemingly against it however, we did arrive in Bitola both on time and alive.

Mosaics at Heraklea
Bitola is one of those ‘faded grandeur’ cities that I have often come across in former Yugoslavia.  At one stage it was the second biggest city in Ottoman Europe and was a centre of trade and politics - it was nicknamed the 'city of consuls’ as all the major European powers had embassies here.  The embassies remain, but the grand buildings they once occupied here now have been generally sold off, leaving diplomats with a fraction of the former space.  We were staying at the beautiful Chora Guesthouse on the edge of town, built into a traditional Ottoman house.  There isn’t loads to see in the town itself, but a kilometer out of the centre one of the ruins of the Roman city of Heraklea.  The ruins are compact and the theatre is mainly reconstructed, but the mosaics that are preserved are probably the best I have ever come across.  The entrance fee was a modest 100 MKD each, but they wanted a massive 300 MKD from anybody who wanted to take photos.  Luckily the guy on the gate was pretty relaxed and let us both in for 50 MKD as students and turned a blind eye to our cameras.  The whole atmosphere at the ruins was very relaxed and they didn’t seem to mind people walking all over the walls and other remains.

Sveti Dimitrija Church, Bitola
It was about 4pm by the time that we got back to town but this left enough time to wander around the pretty pedestrianised shopping streets and to look at the churches, mosques and old clock tower that are the main sights. We decided to go into one of the churches - the church of Sveti Dimitrija, which we were shown around by a little old lady.  She asked us if we were Catholics, which Ellie could answer fairly easily but which I had to answer with 'church of England’. She had understandably never heard of this so, deciding that the story of Henry VIII and his wives would probably cause a fair bit of shock, I settled for calling myself a Protestant. She nodded to confirm that she had heard of this religion, but then checked that I knew who Jesus and Mary were.  We lit a candle at the pretty church as the lady had given us quite an insight into the faith.

Russian Embassy, Bitola
It was now getting towards dinner time and we decided to have a meal at a restaurant in the Russian Embassy building (where the current embassy occupies the top floor).  The meal was good but we regretted asking for Turkish coffee at the end as they served it in a normal sized mug rather than the little 'shot’ that it should come in. For those of you who have never hard Turkish coffee, this is the equivalent of being served whiskey in a pint glass, so we left the restaurant with quite a buzz. On the way back we stopped at a little supermarket, which is worth mentioning as a sight in itself.  I have never seen such chaos - it wasn’t even as though they had just forgotten to tidy it in a while, it was more like the delivery man had launched the stock at them with a cannon.  It was near impossible to walk, but the kindly owner (who glided around as if it was wide-aisled Waitrose) gave us some information about the train we were planning to catch to Skopje in the morning.
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Day One: Swimming and Eating


“not one in a million Englishmen have been to Ohrid”

We had been very surprised when we had found out at Istanbul bus station that there was a direct bus, run by the Yadran bus company, to Lake Ohrid in Macedonia.  We were expecting that we would have to get a bus to Skopje, the capital, then get an onwards bus.  It turned out that the bus we caught did in fact go to Skopje first before going back the way it had came to the town of Struga.  The journey lasted 15 hours and Struga is still 16km away from the advertised destination, meaning that we had to catch a taxi to Villa Bella in Ohrid (the town which the lake is named after) where we would be staying for three nights.

View over Lake Ohrid from the balcony
Lake Ohrid is the cultural heart of Macedonia and is the main (and probably only) actual tourist destination.  It lies in the south of the country and is partly shared by Albania, where we will be travelling later on.  We arrived at the apartment and did the now well practiced post-nightbus ritual of having a sleep and a shower.  I was able to finish off my last book, a novel set in Turkey, and onto the book I had been looking forward to - Rebecca West’s “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon”.  This dramatic sounding book is the thousand page epic log of a British journalist travelling through Yugoslavia in the 1930s.  While the book was written in an age of real genuine expeditions to foreign countries, conducted by the few with time and money to go on them, West visited pretty much everywhere we will be going (except Albania) and as a journalist, historian and traveller seems like the perfect travel companion.  Even if the book ironically weighs a very travel unfriendly kilo and a half.  The reviews describe it as one of the most poetic books of the last century, travel based or not, so I hope it isn’t pretentious of me to start off my blogs with a quote to either support or juxtapose with my account of my own experiences.

I think I have started with a juxtaposition, as on arrival at the waterfront in Ohrid it became clear that plenty of Englishmen had now visited.  While Ohrid is the stomping ground of Europeans generally (direct flights fly from Holland in summer), the waiters at our first restaurant were fluent in English and there were enough latin script signs for my new ability to read cyrillic script to be slightly pointless.  The extended time that we had at the lake meant that I was able to turn down the pressure to see lots of sights a bit and we therefore spent the rest of the day doing a lot of eating and swimming.


Day Two: Ohrid Old Town


“The old town of Ohrid on its hill is struck as thickly with churches as a pomander with cloves”


Ohrid town from the castle
We woke up to find that I had committed one of the most basic travelling errors there are.  A brief look at a time zone map before I had arrived had suggested to me that my whole trip would be in the same time zone, but when my very confused phone tried to set off the morning alarm, it turned out that we have lost an hour.  This means that we spent all of yesterday an hour out of sync with the rest of the country, which is a first for me.  Having got ourselves sorted time-wise we set out on the Lonely Planet designed DIY walking tour of the old town.  The first sight was the Sveta Bogorodica Perivlepta chapel, which we were given half price tickets for (as it was a Sunday) and where a lovely woman showed us around and explained the frescoes.  She seemed to be suggesting that the frescoes were fairly revolutionary but as somebody who isn’t very clued up about styles of frescoes this went over my head a bit.  Amusingly she seemed to think that Ellie was a local guide and after showing me round asked where I had brought her from - apparently she looks ‘very Balkan’.

Sveti Kilment church, Macedonia
After this first Byzantine church we followed the walking tour to the old Roman theatre which bad been partly converted to allow gladiators to fight there.  It was difficult to work out what was new as the arena is now used for concerts.  Overlooking the entire town is the fortress, the walls of which are in remarkably good condition.  The entry free is 30 MKD (about 40p) and the views from the top over the lake and the town.  The fortress has been occupied by Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans, representing the strategic value of the town.  This is the highest point of the town and with the temperature rising to the mid 30s it was nice to make our way downhill to the next site, the church of Sveti Kliment.  As we got closer to the church it seemed that this one looked a lot cleaner and more modern than the others in town.  When we read the signs outside we found out that this church had been reconstructed from the original Byzantine plans, allowing a unique insight into what the towns other churches would have looked like back in the day.

Sveti Jovan church, Macedonia
The next stop was the church of Sveti Jovan, the most photographed place in Macedonia and one of the most picturesque places that I have ever visited.  A wedding was taking place outside so it was fairly bus, but in a good way as we could see the church 'in action’. On our way back to town we looked into a little chapel built around a natural 'holy water’ spring and then walked along the beach we had swam at the day before.  It was now getting pretty hot so we went for a rest at the apartment.  In the evening we went for a meal at a restaurant near the Sveti Sofia Cathedral where I sampled the very Balkan 'grilled cheese’ - essentially a pot of hot cheese with bits of meat in.  The town was pretty busy so we walked along the front, past the bars and stalls and fairground rides.  There can’t be many funfairs which have stalls selling religious icons next to lurid t-shirts, but I guess that’s Macedonia for you.



Day Three: Sveti Naum

“Here in Sveti Naum, magic can be worked”

Sveti Naum chuch, Ohrid
With one last full day at Ohrid, we decided to go onto the lake itself on a boat trip to a church at the other end. The church of Sveti Naum is dedicated to Saint (Sveti means Saint) Naum, one of the first Christian missionaries in the region.  His body is buried there and legend has it that if you put your ear against his tomb you can still hear his heart beating. The boat journey to the church was pleasant and when we arrived we could clearly see some of the Albanian towns on the other side. Curiosity got the better of me and we headed straight to the church and to the tomb. A crowd of people had gathered around and were taking it in turns to kneel before the tomb with their heads resting against it.  I was pretty skeptical when it got to me but I waited for a minute or so and believe it or not I could hear a hear rhythmic thudding.  Whether this was just my own heart, beating faster under the pressure of lying on a tomb in front of a crowd full of people, or a cheap trick by the monks or an actual miracle I don’t know - but I definitely heard something.  Ellie decided I had been too long and only briefly knelt beside the tomb, but she heard something too.

A little spooked out we went to the beach that is adjacent to the church.  The whole site was a mental asylum 70 years ago when Rebecca West visited, but now it is a crowded tourist attraction with bars and shops - the asylum itself is now an expensive hotel and restaurant. The beach is popular as one of the few sandy shores on the lake. Another feature are the natural springs that are nearby and the incredibly clear river that runs into the lake from the mountains. I read in several places that the water from the river is so pure that it doesn’t mix with the lake and outfalls at the other end, having passed through 20km of the lake itself, in its same pure form.  Again, I was skeptical about this, but when we were swimming you could feel it was true - there were numerous cold patches that clearly hadn’t mixed with the rest of the water.

We were given 6 hours at the church and beach before we had to head back to Ohrid.  The journey back was extremely pleasant as we watched the sun setting over the Albanian mountains, reflected in the completely still lake.  It was getting dark when we got back so we cleaned ourselves up and went straight out for a dinner at the front.  In the morning we would be getting the bus to nearby Bitola, sadly leaving Lake Ohrid behind.



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